Aviation piston engine is a reciprocating internal combustion engine that provides flight power for aircraft. According to different classification standards, aviation piston engines can be divided into many types. The following is a classification of aviation piston engines:
First, according to the preparation method of oil and steam mixture
Carburetor engine
Features: After the fuel and air are mixed through the carburetor, they enter the cylinder for combustion.
Application: This kind of preparation method is often used in early aviation piston engines.
Fuel injection engine
Features: The fuel is injected directly into the cylinder through the injection nozzle and mixed with the air after combustion.
Application: Modern aviation piston engines often use this configuration to improve combustion efficiency and engine performance.
Second, according to the cooling method of the engine
Air cooled engine
Features: The heat is distributed to the atmosphere through the heat sink on the outer wall of the cylinder.
Application: With the increase of flight speed, high-speed air flow can be used to directly cool the cylinder, and air-cooled engines are widely used in the aviation field.
Liquid cooled engine
Features: The coolant circulates between the cylinder and the radiator to dissipate heat into the atmosphere.
Application: The flight speed of early aircraft was low, and most of them used liquid-cooled engines.
Third, according to whether the gas is pressurized before entering the cylinder
Aspirated engine
Features: Gas enters the cylinder for combustion under normal pressure.
Application: Suitable for low-altitude, low-speed flying aircraft.
Supercharged engine
Features: The supercharger increases the pressure of the gas entering the cylinder, thereby improving the power and efficiency of the engine.
Application: Suitable for high-altitude, high-speed flight aircraft.
Fourth, according to the form of cylinder arrangement
The in-line engine
Features: The cylinders are arranged in rows along the front and back of the casing, and there are pairs of cylinders, I-shaped, V-shaped and other arrangement forms.
Application: Suitable for some small and medium-sized aircraft.
Star engine
Features: The cylinders are uniformly arranged radially along the casing with the crankshaft as the center, with single row and double row.
Application: Before the emergence of the jet engine, the piston aircraft engine mostly adopted the star design, because of its short crankshaft, strong battlefield survivability, compact structure and occupy small aircraft space, and was widely used by carrier-based aircraft.
Fifth, according to other characteristics
Multicylinder engine
Features: Aviation piston engines are multi-cylinder engines, at least 4 cylinders, up to 28. The more cylinders there are, the more power the engine has.
Application: Suitable for various types of aircraft to meet different power requirements.
A four-stroke engine
Features: The crankshaft rotates twice, and each piston reciprocates 4 times in the cylinder to complete a cycle. The four strokes are intake, compression, expansion and exhaust.
Application: The vast majority of aviation piston engines use a four-stroke design.
Sixth, other types
In addition to the above classification, aviation piston engines can also be classified according to other characteristics, such as electric nozzle ignition engines and compression combustion engines according to the ignition method (although compression combustion engines are less used in the aviation field); It is divided into gasoline engines and diesel engines according to fuel type (although diesel engines are also relatively rare in aviation applications).
In summary, the classification of aviation piston engines is diverse, and each type has its own unique characteristics and application scenarios. In practical applications, it is necessary to select the appropriate engine type according to the specific needs of the aircraft and the operating environment.
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